Cardiovascular
disease (also called heart disease) is a class of diseases that involve the
heart or blood vessels (arteries, capillaries and veins).
Cardiovascular
disease refers to any disease that affects the cardiovascular system,
principally cardiac disease, vascular diseases of the brain and kidney, and
peripheral arterial disease. The cardiovascular diseases are diverse but
atherosclerosis and or hypertension are the most common. Additionally, with
aging come a number of physiological and morphological change that alter
cardiovascular function that lead to increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
Quit smoking: If you smoke, quit. If
someone in your household smokes, encourage him to quit. We know it’s tough.
But it’s tougher to recover from a heart attack or stroke or to live with
chronic heart disease. Commit to quit.
Choose nutrition: A healthy diet is one
of the best weapons you have to fight
cardiovascular diseases. The food you eat ( and the amount ) can affect other
controllable risk factors: cholesterol, blood pressure, diabetes and
overweight. Choose nutrient rich foods which have vitamins, minerals, fiber foods, fish, lean protein and
fat-free or low –fat dairy products is the key. And to maintain a healty
weight, coordinate your diet with your physician activity level so you are
using up as many calories as you take in.
Reduce Stress: Some scientists have
noted relationship between coronary heart disease risk and stress in a person’s
life that may affect the risk factors for heart disease and stroke. For
example, people under stress may over react or start smoking. Research has even
shown that stress reaction in young adults predicts middle-age blood pressure
risk.
Limit alcohol: Drinking too much
alcohol can raise blood pressure and lead to heart failure or stroke. It can
contribute to high triglycerides, produce irregular heartbeats and affect
cancer and other diseases. It contributes to obesity to obesity, alcoholism
suicide and accidents.
Lifestyle-Recommendations: A least 30
minutes of moderate intensity physical activity on most, if not all, days of
the week (daily total can be accumulated e.g. three 10 minute sessions). Advise patients of all ages become more
active on reducing kilojoules intake as well as increasing physical activity.
Dietary
salt restriction: <4 g/day (65mmol/day sodium).Recommend low salt and
reduced salt foods as part of healthy eating pattern.
Physiotherapy role in cardiovascular disease :
Physiotherapy
techniques in cardiac rehabilitation are,
1.
Relaxation
2.
Breathing exercise
3.
Relaxed passive movement
4.
Free active exercise.
Free active exercise is important for patients to learn free active
exercise to improve blood pressure, maintain healthy weight and live health
life.
In lying and sitting position:
·
Toes and ankle blending and stretching .
·
Knee blending and stretching
·
Hip Bending and stretching
·
Fingers of hand bending and stretching
·
Wrist bending and stretching
·
Elbow bending and stretching
·
Arm abduction and adduction
·
Deep breathing exercise
In standing position :
·
Half yard grasp standing –leg sing forward and
backward.
·
Half yard grasp standing-hip and knee bending
and stretching.
·
Yard stride standing-trunk bends forward to
touch the left knee with right hand and repeat opposite way.
·
Yard standing –hand circling back ward .
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